Abstract

Counter-speech is considered a promising tool to address hate speech online, notably, by promoting bystander reactions that could attenuate the prevalence or further dissemination of hate. However, it remains unclear which types of counter-speech are most effective in attaining these goals and which might backfire. Advancing the literature, we examined the effect of four types of counter-speech (i.e., educating the perpetrator, calling on others to intervene, diverting the conversation, and abusing the perpetrator) on a range of bystander behavioral intentions in an experimental study (N = 250, UK-based adults). Overall, counter-speech did not affect bystanders’ subsequent responses to hate speech. Having said this, as expected, diversionary counter-speech increased intentions to ignore hate speech, which suggests unintended consequences. The study illustrates that counter-speech may not be sufficiently impactful in regulating bystanders’ reactions to hate speech online.

  • Lvxferre [he/him]@mander.xyz
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    2 days ago

    But what is effective?

    The video that I’ve linked directly proposes, near the end:

    1. if you can remove the bullshit, do it. (i.e. deplatform those muppets.)
    2. address your audience, without referring to the bullshit; in this situation a detailed explanation sounds better, as it isn’t being contrasted with a sound bite.