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Cake day: June 12th, 2023

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  • Later in the article

    The warmest summer in the tree ring reconstruction before industrial times was year 246, but the researchers say that even this does not come close to the recent warmth.

    Even taking account of the large uncertainties, the authors say summer 2023 surpassed this range of natural climate variability by 0.5C at the very least.

    It is also worth looking at the graph later in the article, which shows that over the past 2k years the temperature has maintained a baseline, and post-industrial era it turned into a hockey stick.






  • There are 200 billion to 2 trillion galaxies, and in the Milky Way alone we have located at least 10 planets in the Goldilocks zone. That could mean at least 2 to 20 trillion Goldilocks planets, and this is an under-estimate because the scale of our search has been comparatively small. So it is likely that there actively exists plenty of tool-using, scientific, space-faring life forms out there as you read this.

    As for time scales, the heat death of the universe is estimated to occur in 1.7x10^106 (or, written out, 17000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) years. Many, many planets will move into or out of Goldilocks zones in that time. And, depending on the source and the age of the information, we estimate the age of the universe to be 13 or 26 billion (or, 26,000,000,000) years. I added zeros so the two numbers could be visually compared, and you can see we are a very young universe.

    Combine these two points and you have ample time and opportunity for many, many civilizations to rise and fall. Where ten planets’ stars may be exploding, ten more may be just entering the prime conditions for life. So take comfort in the thought that we are, statistically speaking, not alone out here.







  • Dawson found that individuals with higher cognitive abilities were less likely to fall into “extreme optimism” about their financial futures. In contrast, they were more likely to have realistic or even pessimistic expectations. For example, those with cognitive abilities two standard deviations below the mean exhibited a higher probability of “extreme optimism” compared to those two standard deviations above the mean.




  • I replied to one of your comments, but I’ll give you more details

    I live in Houston. It is the fourth largest, fourth most diverse city in the us. I find it to be very lgbtq friendly, and it has a large Mexican and Hispanic population. It is pretty good on affordability compared to the rest of the US, but expected income is lower than other parts of the US. As a trade off, no state income tax.

    Houston is a very car-dependent city and is not easily walkable. The majority of parking is free, which is not a common luxury in other cities. There is lots of traffic every day. Green spaces are not overly common, but they are high quality.

    Houston has a pride parade every year. The food is fantastic, and includes many cuisines from around the world. Lots and lots of Tex-Mex and Mexican food.

    Houston is liberal-leaning (left-leaning). State politics as a whole are conservative (right-leaning). Gay rights have not come under fire here in Houston, but state officials are trying. Houston is happy to welcome immigrants, but there are many parts of Texas (mostly rural) that are unhappy with immigration policies, particularly from Mexico. State officials have recently tried to make it so they can override voting results from Houston on a number of key issues. Guns are a problem in the US, and that includes certain parts of Houston; there was recently state legislation that allowed anybody to concealed carry without a license.

    Major industries are oil & gas, healthcare, biomedical, and aerospace. Law is also a great field to be in. If you plan on higher education, I recommend healthcare. There are lots of local things to do, but not a lot of tourism things to do. The weather is hot and residents spend the majority of their time indoors, unless they live near the bay or the gulf.

    I think your biggest culture shock would be coming from a small town and living in a major city. It is a big adjustment. Don’t expect to own a house, expect to drive a lot, and even though there are a lot of job opportunities there is also a lot of competition and that can make it hard to get a job. Overall, Houston isn’t perfect but it’s pretty good.

    California has liberal state politics, which leads to suburbs and rural towns that are lgbtq-friendly. But California also has one of the highest costs of living in the US, and has its own unique problems.

    Here is the thing though: California and Texas are the two largest continental states in the US. They have different climates within their borders, and different ways of life depending on what part you are in. Texas is 800+ miles across. You have to narrow down your search. I also recommend looking at other states. You can find more acceptance and easier living. The Northeast, Northwest, and some Midwest states are liberal and some have a good and affordable quality of life, but it gets cold in the winter. And looking at a map of states’ political leanings will tell you who is lgbtq-friendly and who isn’t.



  • Musk claimed the Cybertruck is better than any other truck but also more of a sports car than any other sports car, made of a “special Tesla designed steel alloy” that he claimed will never rust and which cannot be stamped but which can also be produced in volume.

    The skepticism is coming through very heavy and I’m all for it.

    Musk implied that in a crash with another vehicle, the Cybertruck—which weighs 6,603–6,843 lbs (2,995–3,104 kg)—will destroy the other vehicle.

    It’s a car, not a battlebot. Nobody should want to destroy the other vehicle in the event of a crash.