Kazakhstan is the world’s top producer of uranium but has no nuclear power plant of its own. That could change with Sunday’s vote on the issue.

Kazakhstan voted on Sunday in a referendum on whether to construct the country’s first nuclear power plant to overcome chronic electricity shortages.

The result is to be announced on Monday.

The issue is a controversial one in the former Soviet republic, which was exposed to radiation on a massive scale during nuclear tests conducted by the USSR. The possible involvement of Russia in the project has also been of concern to some.

However, opposition to the project seems to have been repressed by the country’s government, with local private media reporting dozens of arrests of critics in the run-up to Sunday’s referendum.